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rewritten HACKING file

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support for compressed index keys and trailing leaves
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brianb
2004-02-11 22:04:17 +00:00
parent df8bf09aa7
commit 06115eaf59
7 changed files with 427 additions and 289 deletions
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ChangeLog
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@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
Wed Feb 11 15:30:42 EST 2004 Brian Bruns <brian@bruns.com>
* HACKING: rewritten to better reflect Jet4
* src/gmdb2/gmdb2.h: add prototype for gmdb_debug_set_dissect_cb()
* src/gmdb2/debug.c: add switch to control dissecting pages or no
* src/gmdb2/gladefiles/gmdb-debug.glade: add dissect option to View menu
* src/libmdb/data.c: adding debugging code
* src/libmdb/table.c: adding debugging code for usage maps
* src/libmdb/write.c: remove jet3 check from mdb_crack_row4()
* include/mdbtools.h:
* src/libmdb/index.c: handle compressed indexes, trailing leaves
Mon Feb 9 14:53:19 EST 2004 Brian Bruns <brian@bruns.com>
* src/util/mdb-export.c: reorganized a bit, added header text and options from patch #857342

780
HACKING
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@@ -1,326 +1,91 @@
Ok, this is a brain-dump of everything I've learned about MDB files. I'm am
using Access 97, so everything I say applies to that and maybe or maybe not
other versions.
This file documents the Microsoft MDB file format for Jet3 and Jet4 databases.
Right, so here goes:
General Notes
-------------
Note: It appears that much of the data in the pages is unitialized garbage.
This makes the task of figuring out the format a bit more challenging.
Access (Jet) does not in general initialize pages to zero before writing them,
so the file will contains a lot of unititialized data. This makes the task of
figuring out the format a bit more difficult than it otherwise would be.
This document will, generally speaking, provide all offsets and constants in
hex format.
Most multibyte pointer and integers are stored in little endian (LSB-MSB) order.
There is an exception in the case of indexes, see the section on index pages for
details.
Terminology
-----------
This section contains a mix of information about data structures used in the MDB
file format along with general database terminology needed to explain these
structures.
Page - A fixed size region within the file on a 2 or 4K boundry. All
data in the file exists inside pages.
Catalog Table - Tables in Access generally starting with "MSys". See the TDEF
(table definition) pages for "System Table" field.
Catalog Entry - A row from the MSysObjects table describing another database
object. The MSysObjects table definition page is always at
page 2 of the database, and a phony tdef structure is
bootstrapped to initially read the database.
Page Split - A process in which a row is added to a page with no space left.
A second page is allocated and rows on the original page are
split between the two pages and then indexes are updated. Pages
can use a variety of algorithms for splitting the rows, the
most popular being a 50/50 split in which rows are divided
evenly between pages.
Overflow Page - Instead of doing a full page split with associated index writes,
a pointer to an "overflow" page can be stored at the original
row's location. Compacting a database would normally rewrite
overflow pages back into regular pages.
Leaf Page - The lowest page on an index tree. In Access, leaf pages are of
a different type than other index pages.
UCS-2 - a two byte unicode encoding used in Jet4 files.
Covered Query - a query that can be satisfied by reading only index pages. For
instance if the query
"SELECT count(*) from Table1 where Column3 = 4" were run and
Column3 was indexed, the query could be satisfied by reading
only indexes. Because of the way Access hashes text columns
in indexes, covered queries on text columns are not possible.
Pages
-----
MDB files are a set of pages. These pages are 2K (2048 bytes) in size, so in a
hex dump of the data they start on addreeses like xxx000 and xxx800. Access
2000 has increased the page size to 4K and thus pages would appear on hex
addresses ending in xxx000.
At it's topmost level MDB files are organized into a series of fixed sized
pages. These are 2K in size for Jet3 (Access 97) and 4K for Jet4 (Access
2000/2002). All data in MDB files exists within pages, of which there are
a number of types.
Each page is known by a page_id of 3 bytes (max value is 0x07FFFF).
The start address of a page is at page_id * 0x800.
So the maximum of data storage for Access97 database is near
0x080000 * 0x800 = 0x40000000 bytes (1 Go)
The first byte of each page idenitifies the page type as follows.
We have two different structures which use page_id :
1) Data pointer structure (_dp):
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | row_id | The row id in the data page |
| ???? | 3 bytes | page_id | Max value is 0x07FFFF |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2) Page pointer structure (_pg):
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 3 bytes | page_id | Max value is 0x07FFFF |
| ???? | 1 byte | flags | If not null, indicate a system object. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
The first byte of each page seems to be a type identifier, for instance, the
first page in the mdb file is 0x00, which no other page seems to share. Other
pages have the following values:
0x00 Database definition page. (Page 0)
0x00 Database definition page. (Always page 0)
0x01 Data page
0x02 Table definition
0x03 Index pages
0x04 Index pages (Leaf nodes?)
0x03 Intermediate Index pages
0x04 Leaf Index pages
0x05 Page Usage Bitmaps (extended page usage)
The second byte is always 0x01 as far as I can tell.
Database Definition Page
------------------------
At some point in the file the page layout is apparently abandoned though the
very last 2K in the file again looks like a valid page. The purpose of this
non-paged region is so far unknown. Could be a corrupt db as well. My current
thinking is that this area is unallocated pages based on the GAM (global
allocation map stored on page 0x01).
Each MDB database has a single definition page located at beginning of the file.
Not a lot is known about this page, and it is one of the least documented page
types. However, it contains things like Jet version, encryption keys, and name
of the creating program.
Bytes after the first and second seemed to depend on the type of page, although bytes 4-7 are pages pointers that refer to the parent (data pages) or a continuation page (table definition).
Pages seem to have two parts, a header and a data portion. The header starts
at the front of the page and builds up. The data is packed to the end of the
page. This means the last byte of the data portion is the last byte of the
page.
Byte Order
----------
All offsets to data within the file are in little endian (intel) order
Catalogs
--------
Note: This section was written fairly early in the process of determining the file
format. It is now understood that the catalog pages are data for the MSysObjects
system table (with a table definition starting at page 2). The rest of this
section is presented for the understanding of the current code until it may be
replaced by a more proper implementation.
So far the first page of the catalog has always been seen at 0x9000 bytes into
the file. It is unclear whether this is always where it occurs, or whether a
pointer to this location exists elsewhere.
The header to the catalog page(s) start look something like this:
+------+---------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x01 | 1 byte | Page type |
| 0x01 | 1 byte | Unknown |
| ???? | 2 bytes | A pointer of unknown use into the page |
| 0x02 | 1 byte | Unknown |
| 0x00 | 3 bytes | Possibly part of a 32 bit int including the 0x02 above |
| ???? | 2 bytes | a 16bit int of the number of records on this page |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of records |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset to the records location on this page |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
The rest of the data is packed to the end of the page, such that the last
record ends on byte 2047 (0 based).
Some of the offsets are not within the bounds of the page. The reason for this
is not presently understood and the current code discards them silently.
Offsets that have 0x40 in the high order byte point to a location within the
page where a pointer to another catalog page is stored. This does not seem to
yield a complete chain of catalog pages and is currently being ignored in favor
of a brute force read of the entire database for catalog pages.
Little is understood of the meaning of the bytes that make up the records. They
vary in size, but portion prior to the objects name seems to be fixed. All
records start with a '0x11'. The next two bytes are a page number to the column definitions. (see Column Definition).
Byte offset 9 from the beginning of the record contains its type. Here is a
table of known types:
0x00 Form
0x01 User Table
0x02 Macro
0x03 System Table
0x04 Report
0x05 Query
0x06 Linked Table
0x07 Module
0x0b Unknown but used for two objects (AccessLayout and UserDefined)
Byte offset 31 from the begining of the record starts the object's name. I am
not presently aware of any field defining the length of the name, so the present
course of action has been to stop at the first non-printable character
(generally a 0x03 or 0x02)
After the name there is sometimes have (not yet determined why only sometimes)
a page pointer and offset to the KKD records (see below). There is also pointer to other catalog pages, but I'm not really sure how to parse those.
TDEF Pages (Table Definition)
-----------------------------
A table definition, includes name, type, size, number of datarows, a pointer
to the first data page, and possibly more.
The header of each Tdef page looks like this (8 bytes) :
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| 0x02 | 1 bytes | page_type | 0x02 indicate a tabledef page |
| 0x01 | 1 bytes | unknown | |
| 'VC' | 2 bytes | tdef_id | The word 'VC' |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | next_pg | Next tdef page pointer (0 if none) |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
Note: The tabledef can be very long, so it can take many TDEF pages linked
with the next_pg pointer.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table definition bloc (35 bytes) |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | tdef_len | Length of the data for this page |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_rows | Number of records in this table |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | autonumber | value for the next value of the |
| | | | autonumber column, if any. 0 otherwise |
| 0x4e | 1 byte | table_type | 0x53: user table, 0x4e: system table |
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_real_col| Number of columns in table (not always) |
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_var_cols| Number of variable columns in table |
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_cols | Number of columns in table (repeat) |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_idx | Number of indexes in table |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_real_idx| Number of indexes in table (repeat) |
| ???? | 4 bytes | used_pages | Points to a record containing the |
| | | | usage bitmask for this table. |
| ???? | 4 bytes | | Points to a similar record as above, |
| | | | listing pages which contain free space. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx (8 bytes per idxs) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_idx_rows| (not sure) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_cols (18 bytes per column) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | col_type | Column Type (see table below) |
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_num | Column Number, (not always) |
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset_V | Offset for variable length columns |
| ???? | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 1 byte | bitmask | low order bit indicates variable columns |
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset_F | Offset for fixed length columns |
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_len | Length of the column (0 if memo) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_cols (n bytes per column) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | col_name_len| len of the name of the column |
| ???? | n bytes | col_name | Name of the column |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx (30+9 = 39 bytes) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate 10 times for 10 possible columns (10*3 = 30 bytes) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_num | number of a column (0xFFFF= none) |
| ???? | 1 byte | col_order | 0x01 = ascendency order |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | unknown | |
| ???? | 4 bytes | first_dp | Data pointer of the index page |
| ???? | 1 byte | flags | See flags table for indexes |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | index_num | Number of the index |
| | | |(warn: not always in the sequential order)|
| ???? | 4 bytes | index_num2 | Number of the index (repeat) |
| 0xFF | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| 0x04 | 2 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 1 byte | primary_key | 0x01 if this index is primary |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | idx_name_len| len of the name of the index |
| ???? | n bytes | idx_name | Name of the index |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | n bytes | ??? | |
| 0xFF | 2 bytes | ??? | End of the tableDef ? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Index flags (not complete):
0x01 Unique
0x02 IgnoreNuls
0x08 Required
Column Type may be one of the following (not complete):
BOOL = 0x01 /* boolean ( 1 bit ) */
BYTE = 0x02 /* byte ( 8 bits ) */
INT = 0x03 /* Integer (16 bits ) */
LONGINT = 0x04 /* Long Integer (32 bits ) */
MONEY = 0x05 /* Currency ( 8 bytes) */
FLOAT = 0x06 /* Single ( 4 bytes) */
DOUBLE = 0x07 /* Double ( 8 bytes) */
SDATETIME = 0x08 /* Short Date/Time ( 8 bytes) */
BINARY = 0x09 /* binay (255 bytes) */
TEXT = 0x0A /* Text (255 bytes) */
OLE = 0x0B /* OLE */
MEMO = 0x0C /* Memo, Hyperlink */
UNKNOWN_0D = 0x0D
REPID = 0x0F /* GUID */
Note: this is where my stuff didn't mesh with Yves Maingoy's who reworked the section above.
(start old stuff)
Following the 18 byte column records begins the column names, listed in order
with a 1 byte size prefix preceding each name.
After this are a series of 39 byte fields for each index. At offset 34 is a 4 byte page number where the index lives.
Beyond this are a series of 20 byte fields for each 'index entry'. There may be more entrys than indexes and byte 20 represents its type (0x00 for normal index, 0x01 for Primary Key, and 0x02 otherwise).
It is currently unknown how indexes are mapped to columns or the format of the index pages.
(end old stuff)
Page Usage Map
--------------
The purpose of the page usage bitmap (called object allocation map (OAM) by
SQL Server, not sure what the official terminology is for Access) is to store
a bitmap of page allocations for a table. This determines quickly which pages
are owned by the table and helps speed up access to the data.
The table definition contains a data pointer to a usage bitmap of pages
allocated to this table. It appears to be of a fixed size for both Jet 3
and 4 (128 and 64 bytes respectively). The first byte of the map is a type
field.
Type 0 page usage map definition follows:
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x00 | 1 byte | map_type | 0x00 indicates map stored within. |
| ???? | 4 byte | page_start | first page for which this map applies |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the length of map |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | bitmap | each bit encodes the allocation status of a|
| | | | page. 1 indicates allocated to this table. |
| | | | Pages are stored from msb to lsb. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
If you're paying attention then you'll realize that the relatively small size of the map (128*8*2048 or 64*8*4096 = 2 Meg) means that this scheme won't work with larger database files although the initial start page helps a bit. To overcome this there is a second page usage map scheme with the map_type of 0x01 as follows:
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x01 | 1 byte | map_type | 0x01 indicates this is a indirection list. |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the length of map |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | map_page | pointer to page type 0x05 containing map |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Note that the intial start page is gone and is reused for the first page indirection. The 0x05 type page header looks like:
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x05 | 1 byte | page_type | allocation map page |
| 0x01 | 1 byte | unknown | always 1 as with other page types |
| 0x00 | 2 bytes | unknown | |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
The rest of the page is the allocation bitmap following the same scheme (lsb
to msb order, 1 bit per page) as a type 0 map. This yields a maximum of
2044*8=16352 (jet3) or 4092*8 = 32736 (jet4) pages mapped per type 0x05 page.
Given 128/4+1 = 33 or 64/4+1 = 17 page pointers per indirection row (remember
the start page field is reused, thus the +1), this yields 33*16352*2048 = 1053
Meg (jet3) or 17*32736*4096 = 2173 Meg (jet4) or enough to cover the maximum
size of each of the database formats comfortably, so there is no reason to
believe any other page map schemes exist.
Offset 0x14 contains the Jet version of this database 0x00 for 3, 0x01 for 4
This is used by the mdb-ver utility to determine the Jet version.
Data Pages
----------
The header of a data page looks like this:
All data rows are stored in type 0x01 pages.
The header of a Jet3 data page looks like this:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Jet3 Data Page Definition |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -335,62 +100,108 @@ The header of a data page looks like this:
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset_row | The records location on this page |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
In Jet4, an additional four byte field was added. It's purpose is currently
unknown.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Jet4 Data Page Definition |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x01 | 1 byte | page_type | 0x01 indicates a data page. |
| 0x01 | 1 byte | unknown | |
| ???? | 2 bytes | free_space | Free space in this page |
| ???? | 4 bytes | tdef_pg | Page pointer to table definition |
| ???? | 4 bytes | unknown | Unknown |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_rows | number of records on this page |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of records |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset_row | The records location on this page |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Notes for offset_row:
- Offsets that have 0x40 in the high order byte point to a location within
the page where a Data Pointer (4 bytes) to another data page is stored.
the page where a Data Pointer (4 bytes) to another data page is stored. Also
know as an overflow page.
- Offsets that have 0x80 in the high order byte are deleted rows.
(These flags are delflag and lookupflag in source code)
Rows are stored from the end of the page to the top of the page. So, the first
row stored runs from bytes offset_row to page_size - 1. The next row runs from
its offset to the previous row's offset, and so on.
Each data row looks like this (JET3):
Decoding a row requires knowing the number and types of columns from its TDEF
page. Decoding is handled by the routine mdb_crack_row().
+------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
The Jet3 row format is:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Jet3 Row Definition |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | num_cols | Number of columns stored in this row |
| ???? | n bytes | | Fixed length columns |
| ???? | n bytes | | Variable length columns |
| ???? | 1 byte | fixed_len | length of data from beginning of record |
| ???? | n bytes | var_table[] | offset from start of row for each variable |
| | | | length column |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | num_cols | Number of columns stored on this row. |
| ???? | n bytes | fixed_cols | Fixed length columns |
| ???? | n bytes | var_cols | Variable length columns |
| ???? | 1 byte | eod | length of data from begining of record |
| ???? | n bytes | var_table[]| offset from start of row for each var_col |
| ???? | 1 byte | var_len | number of variable length columns |
| ???? | n bytes | null_table[]| Null indicator. size is 1 byte per 8 cols. |
| | | | 0 indicates a null value. |
+------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | n bytes | jump_table | number of variable length columns |
| ???? | n bytes | null_mask | Null indicator. size is 1 byte per 8 cols |
| | | | 0 indicates a null value. Also used to |
| | | | represent value of boolean type columns |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Note: For boolean fixed columns, the values are in null_table[]:
0 indicates a false value
1 indicates a true value
Notes:
An 0xFF stored in the var_table indicates that this column has been deleted.
. A row will always have the number of fixed columns as specified in the table
definition, but may have less variable columns, as rows are not updated when
columns are added.
. All fixed length columns are stored first to last, followed by variable length
columns.
. The size of the null table is computed by (num_cols - 1)/8 + 1
. Fixed columns can be null (unlike some other databases).
. The var_len field indicates the size of the var_table[].
. The eod field points at the last byte of the var_cols field. It is used to
determine where the last var_col ends.
. For boolean fixed columns, the values are in null_table[]: 0 indicates a false value, 1 indicates a true value
. An 0xFF stored in the var_table indicates that this column has been deleted.
Note: A row will always have the number of fixed columns as specified in the table definition, but may have less variable columns, as rows are not updated when columns are added.
In Jet3 offsets are stored as 1 byte fields yielding a maximum of 256 bytes. To
get around this offsets are computed using a jump table. The jump table stores the number of the first column in this jump segment. If the size of the data is
less than 256 then no jump table will be present.
In Access 2000 (JET4) data rows are like this
For example if the row contains 45 columns and the offset of the 14th column is
more than 256 then the first entry in the jump table will be 0xe (14). If the
23rd column is the first one at offset > 512 the second entry of the jump table
would be 0x17 (23) and so on.
+------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Jet4 Row Definition |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_cols | Number of columns stored in this row |
| ???? | n bytes | | Fixed length columns |
| ???? | n bytes | | Variable length columns |
| ???? | 2 bytes | fixed_len | length of data from beginning of record |
| ???? | n bytes | var_table[] | offset from start of row for each variable |
| | | | length column. (2 bytes per var column) |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_cols | Number of columns stored on this row. |
| ???? | n bytes | fixed_cols | Fixed length columns |
| ???? | n bytes | var_cols | Variable length columns |
| ???? | 2 bytes | eod | length of data from begining of record |
| ???? | n bytes | var_table[]| offset from start of row for each var_col |
| ???? | 2 bytes | var_len | number of variable length columns |
| ???? | n bytes | null_table[]| Null indicator. size is 1 byte per 8 cols. |
| | | | 0 indicates a null value. |
+------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | n bytes | null_mask | Null indicator. size is 1 byte per 8 cols |
| | | | 0 indicates a null value. Also used to |
| | | | represent value of bit type columns |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Note: it is possible for the offset to the beginning of a variable length
column to require more than one byte (if the sum of the lengths of columns is
greater than 255). I have no idea how this is represented in the data as I
have not looked at tables large enough for this to occur yet.
Update: This is currently implemented using a jump counter for Jet 3 files, see
src/libmdb/data.c for details.
Notes:
. All offsets are stored as 2 byte fields including the var_table entries.
. the jump table was (thankfully) ditched in Jet4.
Each memo column (or other long binary data) in a row
looks like this (12 bytes):
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Memo Field Definition (12 bytes)
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
@@ -450,16 +261,288 @@ Each memo record type 2 looks like this:
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
In a LVAL type 2 data page, you have
10 bytes for the header of the data page,
10 or 12 bytes for the header of the data page,
2 bytes for an offset,
4 bytes for the next lval_pg
So you have a bloc of 2048 - (10+2+4) = 2032 bytes max in a page.
So there is a bloc of 2048 - (10+2+4) = 2032(jet3)
or 4096 - (12+2+4) = 4078(jet4) bytes max in a page.
TDEF Pages (Table Definition)
-----------------------------
Every table in the database has a TDEF page. It contains a definition of the columns, types, sizes, indexes, and similar information.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Jet3/Jet4 TDEF Header
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| 0x02 | 1 bytes | page_type | 0x02 indicate a tabledef page |
| 0x01 | 1 bytes | unknown | |
| 'VC' | 2 bytes | tdef_id | The word 'VC' (Jet3 only, Jet4 unknown) |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | next_pg | Next tdef page pointer (0 if none) |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
TDEFs can span multiple pages for large tables, this is accomplished using the
next_pg field.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Jet3 Table Definition Block (35 bytes) |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | tdef_len | Length of the data for this page |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_rows | Number of records in this table |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | autonumber | value for the next value of the |
| | | | autonumber column, if any. 0 otherwise |
| 0x4e | 1 byte | table_type | 0x53: user table, 0x4e: system table |
| ???? | 2 bytes | max_cols | Max columns a row will have (deletions) |
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_var_cols| Number of variable columns in table |
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_cols | Number of columns in table (repeat) |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_idx | Number of indexes in table |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_real_idx| Number of indexes in table (repeat) |
| ???? | 4 bytes | used_pages | Points to a record containing the |
| | | | usage bitmask for this table. |
| ???? | 4 bytes | free_pages | Points to a similar record as above, |
| | | | listing pages which contain free space. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx (8 bytes per idxs) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_idx_rows| (not sure) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_cols (18 bytes per column) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | col_type | Column Type (see table below) |
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_num | Column Number, (not always) |
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset_V | Offset for variable length columns |
| ???? | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 1 byte | bitmask | low order bit indicates variable columns |
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset_F | Offset for fixed length columns |
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_len | Length of the column (0 if memo) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_cols (n bytes per column) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | col_name_len| len of the name of the column |
| ???? | n bytes | col_name | Name of the column |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx (30+9 = 39 bytes) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate 10 times for 10 possible columns (10*3 = 30 bytes) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_num | number of a column (0xFFFF= none) |
| ???? | 1 byte | col_order | 0x01 = ascendency order |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | unknown | |
| ???? | 4 bytes | first_dp | Data pointer of the index page |
| ???? | 1 byte | flags | See flags table for indexes |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | index_num | Number of the index |
| | | |(warn: not always in the sequential order)|
| ???? | 4 bytes | index_num2 | Number of the index (repeat) |
| 0xFF | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| 0x04 | 2 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 1 byte | primary_key | 0x01 if this index is primary |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | idx_name_len| len of the name of the index |
| ???? | n bytes | idx_name | Name of the index |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | n bytes | ??? | |
| 0xFF | 2 bytes | ??? | End of the tableDef ? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Jet4 Table Definition Block (55 bytes) |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | tdef_len | Length of the data for this page |
| ???? | 4 bytes | unknown | unknown |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_rows | Number of records in this table |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | autonumber | value for the next value of the |
| | | | autonumber column, if any. 0 otherwise |
| ???? |16 bytes | unknown | unknown |
| 0x4e | 1 byte | table_type | 0x53: user table, 0x4e: system table |
| ???? | 2 bytes | max_cols | Max columns a row will have (deletions) |
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_var_cols| Number of variable columns in table |
| ???? | 2 bytes | num_cols | Number of columns in table (repeat) |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_idx | Number of indexes in table |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_real_idx| Number of indexes in table (repeat) |
| ???? | 4 bytes | used_pages | Points to a record containing the |
| | | | usage bitmask for this table. |
| ???? | 4 bytes | free_pages | Points to a similar record as above, |
| | | | listing pages which contain free space. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx (12 bytes per idxs) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 4 bytes | num_idx_rows| (not sure) |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | ??? | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_cols (25 bytes per column) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | col_type | Column Type (see table below) |
| ???? | 4 bytes | unknown | matches first unknown definition block |
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_num | Column Number |
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset_V | Offset for variable length columns |
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_num | Column Number (repeat) |
| ???? | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 1 byte | bitmask | low order bit indicates variable columns |
| ???? | 1 byte | ??? | seems to be 1 when variable len |
| 0000 | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 2 bytes | offset_F | Offset for fixed length columns |
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_len | Length of the column (0 if memo) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_cols (n*2 bytes per column) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_name_len| len of the name of the column |
| ???? | n bytes | col_name | Name of the column (UCS-2 format) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx (30+9 = 39 bytes) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | ??? | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate 10 times for 10 possible columns (10*3 = 30 bytes) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | col_num | number of a column (0xFFFF= none) |
| ???? | 1 byte | col_order | 0x01 = ascendency order |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | unknown | |
| ???? | 4 bytes | first_dp | Data pointer of the index page |
| ???? | 1 byte | flags | See flags table for indexes |
| ???? | 9 bytes | unknown | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx (27 bytes) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | unknown | matches first unknown definition block |
| ???? | 4 bytes | index_num | Number of the index |
| | | |(warn: not always in the sequential order)|
| ???? | 4 bytes | index_num2 | Number of the index (repeat) |
| 0xFF | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| 0x00 | 4 bytes | ??? | |
| 0x04 | 2 bytes | ??? | |
| ???? | 1 byte | primary_key | 0x01 if this index is primary |
| ???? | 4 bytes | unknown | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the number of num_real_idx |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 2 bytes | idx_name_len| len of the name of the index |
| ???? | n bytes | idx_name | Name of the index (UCS-2) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | n bytes | ??? | |
| 0xFF | 2 bytes | ??? | End of the tableDef ? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Index flags (not complete):
0x01 Unique
0x02 IgnoreNuls
0x08 Required
Column Type may be one of the following (not complete):
BOOL = 0x01 /* boolean ( 1 bit ) */
BYTE = 0x02 /* byte ( 8 bits ) */
INT = 0x03 /* Integer (16 bits ) */
LONGINT = 0x04 /* Long Integer (32 bits ) */
MONEY = 0x05 /* Currency ( 8 bytes) */
FLOAT = 0x06 /* Single ( 4 bytes) */
DOUBLE = 0x07 /* Double ( 8 bytes) */
SDATETIME = 0x08 /* Short Date/Time ( 8 bytes) */
BINARY = 0x09 /* binay (255 bytes) */
TEXT = 0x0A /* Text (255 bytes) */
OLE = 0x0B /* OLE */
MEMO = 0x0C /* Memo, Hyperlink */
UNKNOWN_0D = 0x0D
REPID = 0x0F /* GUID */
Page Usage Maps
---------------
There are three uses for the page usage bitmaps. There is a global page usage
stored on page 1 which tracks allocated pages throughout the database.
Tables store two page usage bitmaps. One is straight map of which pages are
owned by the table. The second is a map of the pages owned by the table which
have free space on them (used for inserting data).
The table bitmaps appear to be of a fixed size for both Jet 3
and 4 (128 and 64 bytes respectively). The first byte of the map is a type
field.
Type 0 page usage map definition follows:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Type 0 Page Usage Map |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x00 | 1 byte | map_type | 0x00 indicates map stored within. |
| ???? | 4 byte | page_start | first page for which this map applies |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the length of map |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 1 byte | bitmap | each bit encodes the allocation status of a|
| | | | page. 1 indicates allocated to this table. |
| | | | Pages are stored from msb to lsb. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
If you're paying attention then you'll realize that the relatively small size of
the map (128*8*2048 or 64*8*4096 = 2 Meg) means that this scheme won't work with
larger database files although the initial start page helps a bit. To overcome
this there is a second page usage map scheme with the map_type of 0x01 as
follows:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Type 1 Page Usage Map |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x01 | 1 byte | map_type | 0x01 indicates this is a indirection list. |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Iterate for the length of map |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ???? | 4 bytes | map_page | pointer to page type 0x05 containing map |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Note that the intial start page is gone and is reused for the first page indirection. The 0x05 type page header looks like:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Usage Map Page (type 0x05) |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x05 | 1 byte | page_type | allocation map page |
| 0x01 | 1 byte | unknown | always 1 as with other page types |
| 0x00 | 2 bytes | unknown | |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
The rest of the page is the allocation bitmap following the same scheme (lsb
to msb order, 1 bit per page) as a type 0 map. This yields a maximum of
2044*8=16352 (jet3) or 4092*8 = 32736 (jet4) pages mapped per type 0x05 page.
Given 128/4+1 = 33 or 64/4+1 = 17 page pointers per indirection row (remember
the start page field is reused, thus the +1), this yields 33*16352*2048 = 1053
Meg (jet3) or 17*32736*4096 = 2173 Meg (jet4) or enough to cover the maximum
size of each of the database formats comfortably, so there is no reason to
believe any other page map schemes exist.
Indices
-------
Indices are not completely understood but here is what we know.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Index Page (type 0x03) |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
@@ -511,6 +594,8 @@ seems like it would have been easier and more flexible.
So now we come to the index entries for type 0x03 pages which look like this:
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Index Record |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| data | length | name | description |
+------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
@@ -557,9 +642,12 @@ or (in the case of tables small enough to fit on one page) a data page
So to search the index, you need to convert your value into the alphabetic
character set, compare against each index entry, and on successful comparison
follow the page and row number to the data. Because text data is managled
during this conversion there is no 'covered querys' possible (a query that can
be satisfied by reading the index, without descending to the leaf page to read
the data).
during this conversion there is no 'covered querys' possible on text columns.
To conserve on frequent index updates, Jet also does something special when creating new leaf pages at the end of a primary key
(maybe others as well) index. The next leaf page pointer of the last leaf node points to the new leaf page but the index tree
is not otherwise updated. In src/libmdb/index.c, the last leaf read is stored, once the index search has been exhausted by the
normal search routine, it enters a "clean up mode" and reads the next leaf page pointer until it's null.
KKD Records
-----------

2
TODO
View File

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ libmdb:
. Add support for index scanning when using sargs (partial)
. Use allocation maps to read tables, should be more efficient (done)
. write support
. iconv conversion to utf-8, et al.
. multipage work tables
utils:

3
include/mdbtools.h
View File

@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ typedef struct {
int mask_bit;
int offset;
int len;
unsigned char cache_value[256];
} MdbIndexPage;
typedef int MdbSargTreeFunc(MdbSargNode *, gpointer);
@@ -276,6 +277,8 @@ typedef int MdbSargTreeFunc(MdbSargNode *, gpointer);
typedef struct {
int cur_depth;
guint32 last_leaf_found;
int clean_up_mode;
MdbIndexPage pages[MDB_MAX_INDEX_DEPTH];
} MdbIndexChain;

35
src/gmdb2/debug.c
View File

@@ -355,6 +355,7 @@ gmdb_debug_display(GladeXML *xml, guint32 page)
GtkTextView *textview;
GtkWidget *entry;
char pagestr[20];
guint *dissect;
textview = (GtkTextView *) glade_xml_get_widget (xml, "debug_textview");
gmdb_debug_clear(xml);
@@ -398,6 +399,8 @@ gmdb_debug_display(GladeXML *xml, guint32 page)
GtkWidget *tree = glade_xml_get_widget(xml, "debug_treeview");
GtkTreeView *store = (GtkTreeView *) gtk_tree_view_get_model(GTK_TREE_VIEW(tree));
dissect = g_object_get_data(G_OBJECT(xml),"dissect");
if (!dissect || *dissect==1)
gmdb_debug_dissect(GTK_TREE_STORE(store), fbuf, 0, length);
free(fbuf);
@@ -744,10 +747,10 @@ GtkTreeIter *node, *container;
newbase += namelen + 1;
}
}
void gmdb_debug_dissect(GtkTreeStore *store, char *fbuf, int offset, int len)
void
gmdb_debug_dissect(GtkTreeStore *store, char *fbuf, int offset, int len)
{
gchar str[100];
gchar str[100];
snprintf(str, 100, "Object Type: 0x%02x (%s)", fbuf[offset],
gmdb_val_to_str(object_types, fbuf[offset]));
@@ -933,6 +936,10 @@ GladeXML *debugwin_xml;
g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
G_CALLBACK (gmdb_debug_forward_cb), debugwin_xml);
mi = glade_xml_get_widget (debugwin_xml, "dissector");
g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (mi), "activate",
G_CALLBACK (gmdb_debug_set_dissect_cb), debugwin_xml);
button = glade_xml_get_widget (debugwin_xml, "debug_button");
g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
G_CALLBACK (gmdb_debug_display_cb), debugwin_xml);
@@ -983,15 +990,31 @@ GladeXML *debugwin_xml;
}
}
}
void
gmdb_debug_set_dissect_cb(GtkWidget *w, GladeXML *xml)
{
guint *dissect;
//win = glade_xml_get_widget (xml, "debug_window");
dissect = g_object_get_data(G_OBJECT(xml),"dissect");
if (!dissect) return;
//printf("here %d\n", *dissect);
*dissect = *dissect ? 0 : 1;
g_object_set_data(G_OBJECT(xml), "dissect", dissect);
}
static void gmdb_debug_init(MdbHandle *mdb, GladeXML *xml)
{
struct stat st;
char tmpstr[100];
GtkWidget *pglabel, *entry;
struct stat st;
char tmpstr[100];
GtkWidget *pglabel, *entry;
guint *dissect;
pglabel = glade_xml_get_widget (xml, "debug_num_label");
sprintf(tmpstr, "(0-%d):", gmdb_get_max_page(mdb));
gtk_label_set_text(GTK_LABEL(pglabel), tmpstr);
entry = glade_xml_get_widget (xml, "debug_entry");
gtk_widget_grab_focus(GTK_WIDGET(entry));
dissect = g_malloc0(sizeof(guint));
*dissect = 1;
g_object_set_data(G_OBJECT(xml), "dissect", dissect);
}

9
src/gmdb2/gladefiles/gmdb-debug.glade
View File

@@ -72,6 +72,15 @@
<child>
<widget class="GtkMenu" id="view1_menu">
<child>
<widget class="GtkCheckMenuItem" id="dissector">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">_Dissector</property>
<property name="use_underline">True</property>
<property name="active">True</property>
</widget>
</child>
<child>
<widget class="GtkMenuItem" id="menu_back">
<property name="visible">True</property>

1
src/gmdb2/gmdb.h
View File

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ void gmdb_module_populate(MdbHandle *mdb);
void gmdb_table_add_tab(GtkWidget *notebook);
void gmdb_debug_tab_new(GtkWidget *notebook);
void gmdb_debug_new_cb(GtkWidget *w, gpointer *data);
void gmdb_debug_set_dissect_cb(GtkWidget *w, GladeXML *xml);
unsigned long gmdb_prefs_get_maxrows();